From April 25 to June 26, 1945, the UN Constituent Conference was held in San Francisco, in which representatives of 50 states took part. How the UN Charter was created: disputes, compromises and hopes of the world UN The main constituent document of the United Nations-the UN Charter-was signed in San Francisco on June 26, 1945. He entered into force later – October 24, a day that became an official UN Day, but it is on June 26 that is considered the moment of the legal birth of the organization and is annually celebrated as the UN Charter Day. “From the very first day of its existence, the United Nations was the power of creation in the world, often overshadowed by destruction,” said General Secretary of Antoniu Gutherrish on Thursday at the ceremony at the UN Dayt the Day of the UN. – This is a place of meetings, where the most irreconcilable rivals can get together to solve global problems. This is an organization where the weakest are represented along with the most powerful. This is a platform where the voices of people from all over the world can be heard. And this is the engine of progress in the field of human rights, sustainable development and humanitarian activities. ” The charter of the United Nations is not just another international document. This is a symbol of hope that humanity can avoid the horrors of new world wars and build a stable world. Its creation has become the culmination of many years of diplomatic efforts, tragic lessons of history and the desire to unite peoples in the struggle for peace, security and cooperation. How did the document have been born, which has been determining the foundations of international relations for eight decades ?~ 60 > historical context: shadow of the Second World War Wars By the beginning of the 1940s, it became clear that the previous system of international security, built after the First World War, failed. The League of Nations, designed to prevent major conflicts, could not stop the aggression of fascist Germany, Italy and Japan. The beginning of World War II showed how vulnerable humanity without effective international collective security mechanisms is 60 > against the background of these tragic events, the leading powers began to think about the post -war structure of the world. Already in 1941, long before the end of the war, Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt in the Atlantic Charter outlined the first principles of the future world order. 62 ~ declaration of the united Nations 60 > 62 ~ first January 1942 representatives of 26 countries, including the USSR, the USA and Great Britain, signed a declaration of united nations, in which they expressed adherence to the fight against fascism and promised not to conclude a separate world with the enemy. It was then that the term “united nations” was first officially used. Tegeran conference 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 > 62 ~ 62 oneIn 1943, at the Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers, for the first time, they officially spoke about the need to create a universal international organization based on the principle of “sovereign equality of all peaceful states.” This idea was further developed at the Tehran Conference with the participation of the “Big Three”-Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill. 60 ~ H2 > 60 ~ Strong > Conference in Dumballon-Octo: Architecture of the future Mira From August to October 1944, a key conference was held at the American estate of Dumbarton-Ox, at which representatives of the USSR, the USA, Great Britain and China developed a draft charter of a new international organization. This document provided for the creation of the General Assembly and the Security Council; providing the Security Council for real mechanisms to prevent conflicts; institution of a system of specialized agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNESCO; Veto’s right for permanent members of the Security Council. ~ 60 > precisely the right of veto has become the most controversial moment of the entire project. The USSR insisted that the veto law would serve as a guarantee that one power would not dominate the other. As a result, this mechanism was included in the document. One of the meetings under the Yalta Conference. Yalta Conference: Political transaction ~ 60 > in February 1945 at the Yalta Conference, the leaders of the “Big Three” agreed on the latest fundamental issues related to the future UN. The USSR agreed to participate in the organization, provided that the two union republics – Ukrainian and Belarus – will also become its members. This requirement was satisfied. The signing of the UN Charter in San Francisco on June 26, 1945. San Francisco: the birth of the Charter ~ 60 > from April 25 to June 26, 1945 in San Francisco was held in the UN Constituent Conference. Representatives of 50 states took part in it, including a delegation from the Soviet Union, headed by Vyacheslav Molotov. ~ 60 > during the conference, more than 1,200 amendments were made to the draft charter. Discussions were conducted on a variety of issues – from the principles of equal rights of states to the mechanisms of peaceful resolution of disputes. Many ideas were borrowed from the experience of the League of Nations, but taking into account its failures. The UN Charter was signed on June 26, 1945 and entered into force on October 24. Nowadays, it remains the cornerstone of international law. It serves as a foundation for modern international order, contributed to decolonization, promotion of human rights and preventing large -scale conflicts. “We must not forget that the adoption and signing of the Charter was a turning point in modern history,” her chairman Filen Young said in his speech at a meeting of the UN General Assembly on Thursday. -For delegations gathered in San Francisco, this reflected the general commitment to the idea of building a better world after the destructive consequences of the two world wars. Together they vowed to never again allow such unimaginable suffering and catastrophic wars. Together they laid the foundation for a new multilateral order, which should be based on the dialogue and cooperation. ”~ 60 > of course, the charter did not become a magic wand. The UN was criticized (and continue to criticize) for inefficiency, politicization and double standards. But, despite all this, created in San Francisco, the organization has existed for nearly 80 years, remaining a unique platform to maintain political dialogue and solve global problems.