The UN International Court issued an unprecedented advisory opinion on the obligation of states to protect the climate. The UN International Court confirmed the obligation of states to protect the climate: historical advisory opinion The climate and the environment ~ 60 > International UN UN issued an unprecedented advisory conclusion, confirming that states are obliged by international law to protect the climatic system from the consequences of greenhouse gases emissions. Although this decision is not mandatory, it can become a turning point in the fight against climate change and the basis for the legal responsibility of countries harmful to the environment. decision was made unanimously – only for the fifth time in the history of the court. Recall that in March 2023, the UN General Assembly appealed to the court with a request to explain what obligations the states bear to the current and future generations to protect the climate and what legal consequences occur if these obligations are violated. ~ 60 > requirements of international agreements The court confirmed that the countries participating in contracts such as the UN Framework on Climate change, the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement are required to reduce emissions and adapt to climate change; cooperate in this area with each other; To develop and fulfill national plans to limit warming within 1.5 degrees Celsius, as well as “conscientiously participate in the transmission of technologies and financing of adaptive measures”. 62 ~ 60 ~/iframe > 62 ~ In addition, the court indicated that even outside the framework of these agreements, within the framework of ordinary international law, the states are obliged to prevent significant harm to the environment and take all available measures to avoid such consequences, as well as cooperate with each other in this area. ~ 60 >~ 60 > The court also noted obligations within other contracts – to protect marine environment, biodiversity and biodiversity and biostation and biostation and biodiversity and biodiversity and biodiversity Protection of human rights-as part of the general international legal regime for climate. 60 ~ h2 > responsibility for violations ~ ~ 60 > if the state does not fulfill its climatic obligations, it makes an international-proof act, subject to responsibility. In this case, according to the court’s conclusion, it must stop unlawful actions, guarantee their non -response, and also compensate the damage caused – including compensation and other forms of reparations – injured states. Particular attention is paid to the most vulnerable countries, in particular to small island states, and future generations. Although all countries have equal rights to protect and receive compensation, the court confirmed that the special conditions in which vulnerable countries are located are taken into account when interpreting primary obligations. 62 ~~ 60 > causal. Communication & nbsp; ~ 60 > court admitted that although climate change is a cumulative process caused by the actions of many states, modern science allows you to determine the contribution of each country to global emissions, both in the past and in the past and in This. 60 > “unlawful act is not the emissions on their own, but actions or inaction that cause significant harm to the climatic system in violation of the international obligations of the state,” the court emphasized. Even the actions of private companies, if the state does not properly regulate them, may entail the responsibility of the state. the court also recognized that the climatic obligations of states are universal in nature-this means that any state party to international treaties may require other fulfillment of obligations, even if it is not affected. 62 ~This advisory conclusion is not legally binding, but has great authority and can become the basis for legal lawsuits, negotiations and revising state policy in the field of climate. ~ 60 >~ 60 > court expressed the hope that it “will allow the right to send social and political actions to solve the continuing climate Crisis. ~ 60 > this is a solution that has become the result of an unprecedented in the scale of the participation of 96 states and 11 international organizations in the hearings, can be a new stage in global climatic law. position of the chapter. UN 60 > UN Secretary General Antoniu Guterres was welcomed on Wednesday that the UN International Court issued “its historical advisory opinion”. “He [the court] made it clear that all states are obliged to protect the global climatic system in accordance with international right,” the UN head said in a statement. ~ 60 > 60 > according to him, this is a victory for the planet and the victory of supporters of climate justice, which demonstrated that young people are able to change the world. The Secretary General recalled that the initiators of this call for humanity were young residents of the island states of the Pacific Ocean. ~ 60 > “The world should respond to this call,” Hurterrish emphasized, noting that the climate policy should be based on the amplification of warming within 1.5 Celsius degrees, as recorded in the Paris Agreement.